The Varroa destructor mite is the number one killer of honey bees. It first infected Asian Honey Bees (Apis cerana) hundreds of years ago. As …

As a beekeeper sets about to inspect their colony one would expect the interior to have honey bees. Yet, one must be prepared to find other creatures.

A pest-host relationship describes the interaction between an organism (the pest) and its host, where the pest benefits at the expense of the host. This relationship can be symbiotic, meaning both organisms are involved, but can also be parasitic, where the pest harms the host.